African Ocean Governance Strategy: Scoping study and gap analysis

This annex describes material prepared to support Chapter 3 of the Adaptation Gap Report 2018 (hereafter ARG2018). It takes up the question of whether there are feasible and robust indicators, based on the aggregation of national data, for measuring collective progress to achieve adaptation goals over periods consistent with the Paris Agreement five year stocktakes. It was prepared by Ian Noble who should be contacted for further information.

This Global Status Report documents the status and trends of key indicators for energy use, emissions, technologies, policies, and investments to track the buildings and construction sector, globally and in key regions. Central findings of this report include:

- Buildings play a dominant role in the clean energy transition. Buildings construction and operations accounted for 36% of global final energy use and nearly 40% of energy‐related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2017.
- Global buildings sector energy use continues to grow, but not as quickly as population or floor area. Heating, lighting and household cooking are the most improved building end uses. Continued increases in population and floor area are and will be the principal factors of rising energy demand in buildings.
- Buildings and construction sector emissions appear to have levelled off since 2015, although they still represent the largest share of total global energy‐related CO2 emissions. A clean energy transition will enable a steady decrease in future emissions.
- Global dialogue is supporting progress in developing policies for sustainable buildings. Most countries have submitted nationally determined contributions (NDCs) that relate to buildings and some have improved them; however, many NDCs still lack specific actions.
- Countries are continuing to implement and update building energy codes and certification policies. However, most expected future buildings growth is in countries that do not have mandatory energy codes and policies in place today.
- Investment in energy efficiency in buildings has slowed. Incremental energy efficiency investment increased by 4.7% in 2017 (3% adjusted for inflation), which is the lowest rate of increase in recent years.