According to the African Energy Commission (AFREC, 2015), total electricity produced in 2015 was 278 ktoe with 99.6 per cent of it produced from fossil fuels. Industry consumed 25.1 per cent of all electricity consumed in 2015. Botswana’s energy capacity is thermal, produced mostly in coal-fired plants with a few small diesel generators in rural areas. The 132 MW Morupule coal-fired station generates most of the domestic electricity supply. More than 50 per cent of Botswana’s power requirements are imported from South Africa and Zambia.

In 2015, total electricity produced was 3 ktoe, of which 66.6 per cent came from fossil fuels and 33.3 per cent from hydro sources.

Madagascar’s population in 2013 was 22.92 million (World Bank, 2015). Electricity produced in 2015 was 223 ktoe of which 61.8 per cent came from fossil fuels and 36.3 per cent from hydro sources. Final consumption of electricity in the same year was 323 ktoe (AFREC, 2015).