Cyprus is considered as biodiversity “hotspot” area, as it is the only centre of birds endemism in Europe and the Middle East. Also six out of its 11 wild mammals are endemic and sub-endemic, whereas it is a centre of insects endemism and plant diversity. Consequently, the percentage of Cyprus endemism regarding plants, calculating all the taxonomical levels, is among the highest in Europe.

The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) is an international initiative carried out to assess the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being and to establish the scientific basis for actions to enhance the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems and their contributions to human well-being. This publication is one of the main heritage sites of humanity, embracing a unique collection of sacred shrines and ecologically valuable landmarks. It includes the following: desert, mountains, wetlands, coastal, agricultural, and marine.