Guidance on policy and legislation will help countries to have a stable legal and institutional basis to better respond to future waste
emergencies such as the COVID-19, and to clarify measures to be taken.

Disaster and conflict affected countries and vulnerable humanitarian operations with limited capacity, poor infrastructure and resources are likely to face enormous problems in the event of COVID-19 spread and the need for safe, efficient and appropriate solutions for management of solid and hazardous contaminated wastes. This factsheet outlines how to manage this type of waste in the context of camps and camp-like settings as well as informal settlements.

Raw sewage, and partially-treated wastewater, is a vehicle for spreading diseases and a potential means for COVID-19 to spread faster, for example in areas where sanitation is poor, or where the communities are exposed to open-sewers and black water. COVID-19 brings additional challenges with the increased use of medical products, masks and gloves made of plastics, textiles, and other single-use products that are discarded in the open environment or in existing drainage system, contributing to the already alarming amounts of plastics, microplastics, and microfibers pollution in wastewater.

Factsheet addressing the following questions: What are zoonotic diseases? What is driving the spread of zoonotic diseases? What are the impacts of zoonotic diseases? Africa has an opportunity to lead pandemic prevention efforts? Why have previous efforts failed to stop outbreaks of zoonotic diseases? What can decision-makers in government, business and civil society at all levels and in all regions do to prevent future outbreaks of zoonotic diseases?