Between 2010 and 2016, more than USD 1.9 billion was committed to implement, monitor and enforce the conservation and sustainable management of tropical coral reefs and associated mangroves and seagrasses, yet coral reef ecosystems alone provide society with living resources and services equating approximately USD 375 billion per year. This analysis explores the intended purpose and spatial and temporal distribution of funding allocations. The alignment of funding with policy ambitions related to coral reefs and associated ecosystems is assessed, along with implications for future investment in the conservation of these ecosystems.

The ‘informal Prior-Informed Consent’ (iPIC) mechanism was launched in 2006 by UNEP DTIE OzonAction, as part of its work in providing assistance to developing countries to fulfil their commitments under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. This initiative was developed in order to better manage trade in ozone depleting substances (ODS) that are controlled under the Protocol.

These guidelines were developed as a part of the NOWPAP Marine Litter Activity (MALITA) in order to provide effective tips on how to reduce marine litter, as well as to facilitate understanding of regulations on sea-based marine litter and practical principles of environmentally friendly behaviors.